Arduino / ESP8266 RS485 MODBUS Anemometer (2024)

/*Anemometer with a RS485 wind sensorfrom an idea of https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/62327/cannot-read-modbus-data-repetitivelyhttps://www.cupidcontrols.com/2015/10/software-serial-modbus-master-over-rs485-transceiver/_________________________________________________________________| || author : Philippe de Craene <dcphilippe@yahoo.fr || Any feedback is welcome | |_________________________________________________________________Materials : 1* Arduino Uno R3 - tested with IDE version 1.8.7 and 1.8.9 1* wind sensor - RS485 MODBUS protocol of communication 1* MAX485 DIP8Versions chronology:version 1 - 7 sept 2019 - first test */#include <SoftwareSerial.h> // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/SoftwareSerial#define RX 10 //Serial Receive pin#define TX 11 //Serial Transmit pin#define RTS_pin 9 //RS485 Direction control#define RS485Transmit HIGH#define RS485Receive LOWSoftwareSerial RS485Serial(RX, TX);void setup() { pinMode(RTS_pin, OUTPUT);   // Start the built-in serial port, for Serial Monitor Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println("Anemometer");  // Start the Modbus serial Port, for anemometer RS485Serial.begin(9600);  delay(1000);}void loop() { digitalWrite(RTS_pin, RS485Transmit); // init Transmit byte Anemometer_request[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x01, 0x65, 0xCE}; // inquiry frame RS485Serial.write(Anemometer_request, sizeof(Anemometer_request)); RS485Serial.flush();  digitalWrite(RTS_pin, RS485Receive); // Init Receive byte Anemometer_buf[8]; RS485Serial.readBytes(Anemometer_buf, 8);  Serial.print("wind speed : "); for( byte i=0; i<7; i++ ) { Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[i], HEX); Serial.print(" "); } Serial.print(" ==> "); Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[4]); Serial.print(" m/s"); Serial.println();  delay(100);}

/*Anemometer from an idea of https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/62327/cannot-read-modbus-data-repetitivelyhttps://www.cupidcontrols.com/2015/10/software-serial-modbus-master-over-rs485-transceiver/_________________________________________________________________| || author : Philippe de Craene <dcphilippe@yahoo.fr || Any feedback is welcome | |_________________________________________________________________Materials : 1* Wemos D1 mini - tested with IDE version 1.8.7 and 1.8.9 1* wind sensor - RS485 MODBUS protocol of communication 1* MAX485 DIP8 1* RTC 1307 1* LCD1602 with I2C extension 1* SD cardVersions chronology:version 1 - 7 sept 2019 - first test on Arduino UnoVersion 3 - 9 sept 2019 - ESP8266 based with RTC and SD cardESP8266 pinup :D1 => SCL for LCD1602 and DS1307 (Arduino A5) D2 => SDA for LCD1602 and DS1307 (Arduino A4)D3 => Rx = RO of MAX485 - pin 1D4 => Tx = DI of MAX485 - pin 4D8 => RTS = RE/DE of MAX485 - pins 2&3D5 => SCK for SDcard (Arduino 13)D6 => MISO for SDcard (Arduino 12)D7 => MOSI for SDcard (Arduino 11)D0 => CS for SDcard (SDcard Arduino shield 10) CS should be in D8 but must be at 0  during boot, but stay stuck at Vcc....*/#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino#include <WiFiUdp.h>#include <ESP8266WebServer.h> // required pour WifiManager.h#include <DNSServer.h> // required pour WifiManager.h#include <WiFiManager.h> // https://github.com/tzapu/WiFiManager#include <ArduinoOTA.h> // https://github.com/marcudanf/arduinoOTA#include <TimeLib.h> // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/Time#include <DS1307RTC.h> // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/DS1307RTC#include <SD.h> // yet include : https://github.com/adafruit/SD#include <SoftwareSerial.h> // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/SoftwareSerial#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> // https://github.com/lucasmaziero/LiquidCrystal_I2C#define RX D3 // Soft Serial RS485 Receive pin#define TX D4 // Soft Serial RS485 Transmit pin#define RTS D8 // RS485 Direction control#define RS485Transmit HIGH#define RS485Receive LOW#define CS D0 // CS for SDcardSoftwareSerial RS485Serial(RX, TX); // additional serial port for RS485WiFiServer server(80); // web server on www default port 80LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line displayFile dataFile; // initialisation of the SD card// NTP server declarationint TZ = 2; // timezoneunsigned int localPort = 2390; // local port to listen for UDP packets/* Don't hardwire the IP address or we won't get the benefits of the pool. Lookup the IP address for the host name instead *///IPAddress timeServer(129, 6, 15, 28); // time.nist.gov NTP serverIPAddress timeServerIP; // time.nist.gov NTP server addressconst char* ntpServerName = "time.nist.gov";const int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48; // NTP time stamp is in the first 48 bytes of the messagebyte packetBuffer[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE]; // buffer to hold incoming and outgoing packetsWiFiUDP udp; // A UDP instance to let us send and receive packets over UDP// Variables declarationfloat Anemometer = 0, memo_Anemometer = 0;char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};bool afficher = true; // affichage sur LCDunsigned int delai = 2000; // delay between 2 measures in msunsigned int memo_actuel = 0;//// SETUP//_____________________________________________________________________________________________void setup() { pinMode(RTS, OUTPUT);  pinMode(CS, OUTPUT); // Start the built-in serial port, for Serial Monitor Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println("Anemometer"); // Start the Modbus serial Port, for anemometer RS485Serial.begin(9600);  delay(100);// initialize the LCD lcd.begin(); // Init with pin default ESP8266 or ARDUINO lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Anemometer"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1);// see if the RTC is present and is set tmElements_t tm; if (RTC.read(tm)) { Serial.print("Ok, Time = "); Serial.print(tm.Hour); Serial.write(':'); Serial.print(tm.Minute); Serial.write(':'); Serial.print(tm.Second); Serial.print(", Date (D/M/Y) = "); Serial.print(tm.Day); Serial.write('/'); Serial.print(tm.Month); Serial.write('/'); Serial.print(tmYearToCalendar(tm.Year)); Serial.println(); setSyncProvider(RTC.get); // to get the time from the RTC lcd.print("Time: OK "); }  else { if (RTC.chipPresent()) Serial.println("The DS1307 is stopped. Please set time"); else Serial.println("DS1307 read error! Please check the circuitry."); lcd.print("Time: FAIL "); } Serial.println(); delay(1000); lcd.setCursor(0, 1);// see if the card is present and can be initialized: if (!SD.begin(CS)) Serial.println("Card failed, or not present");  else { Serial.println("card initialized."); } // Open up the file we're going to log to! dataFile = SD.open("datalog.txt", FILE_WRITE); if (!dataFile) {  Serial.println("datalog.txt error !");  lcd.print("SDcard: FAIL"); } else { Serial.println(" datalog.txt ready ..."); lcd.print("SDcard: OK "); } Serial.println(); delay(1000); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("WiFi is "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("starting ...");// AP will start if no wifi identifiers in memory or wrong identification// AP can be accessed from ssid "AutoConnectAP" then IP address 192.168.4.1 within 150 seconds// in cas of unsuccess after 150 seconds the wifi will not be defined// for local intialization. Once its business is done, there is no need to keep it around WiFiManager monwifi; monwifi.setConfigPortalTimeout(180); // 150 seconds timeout byte i = 0; // counter of request to wifi connexion byte imax = 10; // max number of request to wifi connexion// fetches ssid and pass from eeprom and tries to connect. If it does not connect it starts // an access point with the specified name and goes into a blocking loop awaiting configuration if(!monwifi.autoConnect("AutoConnectAP")) Serial.println("non paramtr"); else {// Connect to Wi-Fi network with SSID and password Serial.print("connexion au Wifi en cours ");  while( (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) && i < imax ) {  i++; delay(500);  Serial.print("."); } } // end of else monwifi.autoConnect// if wifi is connected if( i < imax ) {// show IP address Serial.println(); Serial.println("Wifi connect."); Serial.print("Address IP : "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("started ! "); // 2 of the 3 lines of code for OTA ArduinoOTA.setHostname("Anemometer"); // device name  ArduinoOTA.begin(); // OTA initialisation// udp service startup  Serial.println("Starting UDP"); udp.begin(localPort); Serial.print("Local port: "); Serial.println(udp.localPort()); } // end of test i else { Serial.println(); Serial.println("pas de rseau wifi"); Serial.println("Rcupration de l'heure en local"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("not started "); delay(1000); } server.begin(); // web server startup // getNTP(); // NTP function to get the internet date and time lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Anemometer"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); } // end of setup//// LOOP//_____________________________________________________________________________________________void loop() {// The 3rd code line for OTA ArduinoOTA.handle();// to display data on a html page webserver(); // Daily time update if( hour() == 1 && minute() == 0 && second() < 2 ) getNTP();// The above of the loop is done every waitdelay seconds only unsigned int actuel = millis(); if( actuel - memo_actuel < delai ) return; memo_actuel = actuel; // RS485 MODBUS Request and Receive with the anemometer byte Anemometer_buf[8]; Anemometer_buf[1] = 0; while( Anemometer_buf[1] != 0x03 ) { // if received message has an error // MODBUS Tramsmit by sending a request to the anemometer digitalWrite(RTS, RS485Transmit); // init Transmit byte Anemometer_request[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x01, 0x65, 0xCE}; // inquiry frame RS485Serial.write(Anemometer_request, sizeof(Anemometer_request)); RS485Serial.flush(); // MODBUS Reception of the anemometer's answer digitalWrite(RTS, RS485Receive); // init Receive RS485Serial.readBytes(Anemometer_buf, 8); // data treatment Serial.print("wind speed : "); for( byte i=0; i<7; i++ ) { Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[i], HEX); Serial.print(" "); } Serial.print(" ==> "); Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[4]); Serial.print(" /10 m/s"); Serial.println();  delay(500); } // end of while  memo_Anemometer = Anemometer; Anemometer = Anemometer_buf[4]/10.0; lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(Anemometer); lcd.print(" m/s "); // Store on SDcard if( Anemometer != memo_Anemometer ) { // if wind speed change String dataString = ""; // initialisation d'une chaine de caractres dataString += String(daysOfTheWeek[weekday()-1]); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(day(), DEC); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(month(), DEC); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(year(), DEC); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(hour(), DEC); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(minute(), DEC); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(second(), DEC); dataString += ";"; dataString += String(Anemometer); dataString += ";"; dataFile.println(dataString); // record data on SD card dataFile.flush(); // clean buffer Serial.println(dataString); // show record on console } // end test Anemomter} // end of loop//// webserver : display data on html page//____________________________________________________________________________________________void webserver() {   WiFiClient client = server.available(); // Listen for incoming clients if( client ) { // If a new client connects, Serial.println("Nouveau client."); // print a message out in the serial port  String entete = client.readStringUntil('\r'); // read the header until \r Serial.print("header received => "); Serial.println(entete);   String etat_afficher[] = {"non", "oui"}; if( entete.indexOf("GET /?A=0") >= 0) afficher = false; if( entete.indexOf("GET /?A=1") >= 0) afficher = true; Serial.print("\n Etat de l'affichage du LCD : "); Serial.println(afficher); if( afficher == true ) lcd.backlight(); else lcd.noBacklight();  client.flush(); //nettoie le tampon... // HTTP header client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); client.println("Content-type:text/html"); client.println("Connection: close"); client.println(); // Display the HTML web page with every 4 seconds refraish  client.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=fr-FR>"); client.println("<head><meta http-equiv='refresh' content='4'/>"); client.println("<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">"); client.println("<link rel=\"icon\" href=\"data:,\">"); // CSS to style the on/off buttons  client.println("<style>html { font-family: Helvetica; display: inline-block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;}"); client.println(".button { background-color: #8A0808; border: none; color: white; padding: 16px 40px;"); client.println("text-decoration: none; font-size: 30px; margin: 2px; cursor: pointer;}"); client.println(".button2 {background-color: #32CD99;}"); client.println(".button3 {background-color: #08298A;}</style></head>"); // Web Page Heading client.println("<body><h1>An&eacute;mometre chez Fifi</h1>"); String Minutes = "0"; if( minute() < 10 ) Minutes += String(minute()); else Minutes = String(minute()); client.println("<p><h3>Il est " + String(hour()) + "h" + Minutes + " et " + String(second()) + " secondes;</h3></p>"); client.println("<HR size=2 align=center width=\"80%\">"); client.println("<p><h3>Vitesse du vent " + String(Anemometer) + " m/s</h3></p>"); client.println("<HR size=2 align=center width=\"80%\">"); client.println("<p><h2>Affichage : " + etat_afficher[afficher] +"</h2></p>"); client.println("<FORM>"); client.println("<INPUT type=\"radio\" name=\"A\" value=\"1\">Allumer"); client.println("<INPUT type=\"radio\" name=\"A\" value=\"0\">Eteindre"); client.println("<INPUT class=\"button button3\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Actualiser\"></FORM>"); client.println("</BODY></center></html>"); client.println(); // The HTTP response ends with another blank line  Serial.println("Fin de transmission web - Client disconnected."); Serial.println(""); } // end of client} // end of webserver//// getNTP : to get date and time from internet//____________________________________________________________________________________________void getNTP() { byte i = 0; // NTP request counter byte imax = 40; // max number of request  WiFi.hostByName(ntpServerName, timeServerIP); // get a random server from the pool  do { i++; Serial.print("sending NTP packet... "); Serial.println(i); memset(packetBuffer, 0, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); // set all bytes in the buffer to 0 // Initialize values needed to form NTP request packetBuffer[0] = 0b11100011; // LI, Version, Mode packetBuffer[1] = 0; // Stratum, or type of clock packetBuffer[2] = 6; // Polling Interval packetBuffer[3] = 0xEC; // Peer Clock Precision // 8 bytes of zero for Root Delay & Root Dispersion packetBuffer[12] = 49; packetBuffer[13] = 0x4E; packetBuffer[14] = 49; packetBuffer[15] = 52; // all NTP fields have been given values, now you can send a packet requesting a timestamp: udp.beginPacket(timeServerIP, 123); // NTP requests are to port 123 udp.write(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); udp.endPacket(); delay(1000); // wait to see if a reply is available } while(!udp.parsePacket() && i<imax);  if( i<imax ) { // We've received a packet, read the data from it udp.read(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); // read the packet into the buffer  //the timestamp starts at byte 40 of the received packet and is four bytes, // or two words, long. First, esxtract the two words: unsigned long highWord = word(packetBuffer[40], packetBuffer[41]); unsigned long lowWord = word(packetBuffer[42], packetBuffer[43]); // combine the four bytes (two words) into a long integer // this is NTP time (seconds since Jan 1 1900): unsigned long secsSince1900 = highWord << 16 | lowWord; Serial.print("Seconds since Jan 1 1900 = "); Serial.println(secsSince1900); // now convert NTP time into everyday time: Serial.print("Unix time = "); // Unix time starts on Jan 1 1970. In seconds, that's 2208988800: const unsigned long seventyYears = 2208988800UL; // subtract seventy years: unsigned long epoch = secsSince1900 - seventyYears; // print Unix time: Serial.println(epoch);  // // to see if it is summer or winter time int mois = month(); int jour = day(); int joursemaine = weekday(); if( mois > 3 || mois < 10  || (mois == 3 && (jour - joursemaine) > 22 ) || (mois == 10 && (jour - joursemaine) < 23 ) ) TZ = 2;  else TZ = 1; // heure d'hiver RTC.set(epoch + TZ*3600); setTime(epoch + TZ*3600); // date and time adjust  } else setSyncProvider(RTC.get); // the function to get the time from the RTC} // end of getNTP