RS-485 MODBUS Serial Communication using Arduino UNO as Slave (2024)

Modbus is a Serial Communication protocol which was discovered by Modicon in 1979 and it is used for transmitting data over serial lines between the industrial electronic devices. RS-485 Modbus uses RS-485 for transmission lines. It should be noted that Modbus is a software protocol and not a hardware protocol. It is divided into two parts such as Modbus Master and Modbus Slave. In RS-485 Modbus network there is one Master and 127 Slaves each with unique address from 1 to 127. In this MAX485Arduinoproject, we will use Arduino Uno as Slave for serial communication.

Modbus are mostly used in PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). And apart from this, the Modbus is also used in Healthcare, Transportation, Home Automation etc. Modbus has 255 function codes and there are mainly three popular versions of Modbus:

• MODBUS RTU
• MODBUS ASCII
• MODBUS/TCP

What is the difference between Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU?

Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII talks the same protocol. The only difference is that the bytes being transmittedover the wire are presented as binary with RTU and as readable ASCII with Modbus RTU. Modbus RTU will be used in this tutorial.

This tutorial is about using RS-485 Modbus communication with Arduino UNO as Slave. Here we install Simply Modbus Master Software in PC and control two LEDs and Servo Motor by using RS-485 as transmission line. These LEDs and servo motor are connected with Slave Arduino and controlled by sending values using Master Modbus Software. Since this tutorial uses RS-485, it is recommended to first go through RS485 Serial Communication between Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano. RS485 can also be used with other controllers for serial communication:

• Serial Communication Between STM32F103C8 and Arduino UNO using RS-485

Let’s begin by exploring some background about the RS-485 and Modbus. Also learn more about variousSerial Communication protocols here.

RS-485 Serial Communication

RS-485 is an asynchronous serial communication protocol which doesn’t not require clock. It uses a technique called differential signal to transfer binary data from one device to another.

So what is this differential signal transfer method??

Differential signal method works by creating a differential voltage by using a positive and negative 5V. It provides aHalf-Duplexcommunication when usingtwo wiresandFull-Duplexrequires4 fourswires.

By using this method:

• RS-485 supports higher data transfer rate of 30Mbps maximum.
• It also provides maximum data transfer distance compared to RS-232 protocol. It transfers data up to 1200-meter maximum.
• The main advantage of RS-485 over RS-232 is the multiple slave with single Master while RS-232 supports only single slave.
• Can have a maximum of 32 devices connected to RS-485 protocol.
• Another advantage of the RS-485 is immune to the noise as they use differential signal method to transfer.
• RS-485 is faster compared to I2C protocol.

Connecting RS-485 with Arduino

RS-485 Module can be connected to any microcontroller having serial port. For using RS-485 module with microcontrollers, a module called 5V MAX485 TTL to RS485 which is based on Maxim MAX485 IC is needed as it allows serial communication over long distance of 1200 meters. It is bidirectional and half duplex and has data transfer rate of 2.5 Mbps. This module requires a voltage of 5V.

Pin-Out of RS-485:

USB to RS-485 Converter Module

This is an USB to RS485 Converter Adapter module which supports WIN7, XP, Vista, Linux, Mac OSand provides an easy to use RS485 interface by means of using COM port in the computer. This module is plug-and-play device. There are no command structures, whatever is sent to the Virtual COM Port is automatically converted toRS485and vice versa. The module is completely self-powered from theUSBbus. So, no need of external power supply for operation.

It shows up as a Serial/COM port and is accessible from applications or hyper-terminal. This converter provides half-duplexRS-485communication. The Baud rate range is 75 bps to 115200 bps, maximum up to 6 Mbps.

To use this device there are various Modbus Software available in the internet. In this tutorial a software called Simply Modbus Software is used.

Simply Modbus Master Software

Modbus Master Software application is needed to send data to slave Modbus RS-485 Arduino device via COM.

Simply Modbus Master is a data communication test software. You can download the Simply Modbus Master from the given link and learn more about it by referring Software Manual.

Before using the software, it is important to get familiar with the following terminologies.

Slave ID:

Each slave in a network is assigned a unique unit address from 1 to 127. When the masterrequests data, the first byte it sends is the Slave address. This way each slave knows afterthe first byte whether or not to ignore the message.

Function code:

The second byte sent by the Master is the Function code. This number tells the slave whichtable to access and whether to read from or write to the table.

Supported Register Function codes:

Supported Coil Function codes:

CRC:

CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy check. It is two bytes added to the end of everyModbus message for error detection.

Tools Required

Hardware

• Arduino UNO
• MAX-485 TTL to RS-485 Converter Module
• USB to RS-485 Converter Module
• LED (2)
• 1k-Resistor (2)
• 16x2 LCD display
• 10k Potentiometer
• Servo Motor SG-90

Software

• Simply Modbus Master

Circuit Diagram

Circuit Connection between MAX-485 TTL to RS-485 converter module and Arduino UNO:

Circuit Connection between MAX-485 TTL to RS-485 Module and USB to RS-485 converter:

Circuit Connections between Arduino UNO and 16x2 LCD display:

Circuit Connection between 2 LEDs, Servo Motor and Arduino UNO:

Programming Arduino UNO for RS-485 MODBUS Slave

The Arduino UNO is configured as Modbus Slave. Also, Arduino UNO is attached with two LEDs and one Servo Motor. So the slave Arduino is controlled from the Master Modbus Software. The communication between the Arduino UNO and the Modbus Master Software is accomplished by using the RS-485 module. For connecting it with PC, the USB to RS-485 converter module is used. And the Arduino UNO with MAX-485 TTL to RS-485 converter module, the whole setup will look file follows:

For using Modbus in Arduino UNO, a library <ModbusRtu.h> is used. This library is used for communicating with RS-485 Modbus Master or Slave via RTU protocol. Download the Modbus RTU and add the library in the sketch by following Sketch->include library->Add .zip Library. Programming has some major steps which will be explained below.

Initially, include the required library. ModbusRTU library is for using RS-485 Modbus communication, and the liquid crystal library is for using LCD with Arduino UNO, and the servo library is for using Servo motor with Arduino UNO.

#include<ModbusRtu.h> #include<LiquidCrystal.h> #include <Servo.h>  

Now the LED anode pins that are connected with Arduino pins 2 and 5 are defined as LED1 and LED2.

#define led1 2 #define led2 5 

Next the object for accessing Liquid Crystal class is declared with the LCD pins (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7) that are connected with Arduino UNO.

LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,10,11,12,13); 

When LCD is done, Initialize servo object for class Servo. Also Initialize bus object for class Modbus.

Servo servo; Modbus bus;  

Next for storing values for Modbus communication an array is declared with the three values initialized with zero.

uint16_t modbus_array[] = {0,0,0}; 

In setup function, firstly the LCD is set in 16x2 mode and a welcome message is displayed and cleared.

 lcd.begin(16,2); //Lcd set in 16x2 mode lcd.print("RS-485 Modbus"); //Welcome Message lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("Arduino Slave"); delay(5000); lcd.clear();

After this, LED1 and LED2 pins are set as output pins.

 pinMode(led1,OUTPUT);  pinMode(led2,OUTPUT);  

The servo pulse pin connected to PWM pin 6 of Arduino is attached.

 servo.attach(6);  

Now for the Modbus communication the following parameters are set. First ‘1’ represents Slave ID, second ‘1’ represents that it uses RS-485 to transfer data and ‘4’ represents RS-485 DE&RE pin connected to Arduino UNO.

 bus = Modbus(1,1,4);  

The Modbus slave is set at 9600 baudrate.

The loop starts with the definition of bus poll and bus.poll() is used to write and receive value from the master Modbus.

bus.poll(modbus_array,sizeof(modbus_array)/sizeof(modbus_array[0])); 

This method is used to check if there is any data available at the serial port.

If there is any data available at serial port the Modbus RTU library will check the message (check the device address, data length, and CRC) and perform the required action.

For example to write or read any value from master, the ModbusRTU must receive an unsigned 16-bit integer array and its length from the Master Modbus. This array carries the data that is written from the master.

In this tutorial there are three arrays for LED1, LED2 and Servo motor angle.

First to turn ON or OFF the LED1 modbus_array[0] is used.

 if (modbus_array[0] == 0) //Depends upon value in modubus_array[0] written by Master Modbus { digitalWrite(led1,LOW); //LED OFF if 0 lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("L1:OFF"); } else { digitalWrite(led1,HIGH); //LED ON if value other than 0 lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("L1:ON");  }

Next to turn ON or OFF the LED2 modbus_array[1] is used.

 if (modbus_array[1] == 0) //Depends upon value in modbus_array[1] written by Master Modbus { digitalWrite(led2,LOW); //LED OFF if 0 lcd.setCursor(8,0); lcd.print("L2:OFF"); } else { digitalWrite(led2,HIGH); //LED ON if value other than 0 lcd.setCursor(9,0); lcd.print("L2:ON");}

Next to set the angle of the Servo motor the modbus_array[2] used and value is printed in the 16x2 LCD display.

 int pwm = modbus_array[2]; servo.write(pwm);  lcd.setCursor(0,1);  lcd.print("Servo angle:"); lcd.print(pwm);  delay(200); lcd.clear();

This finishes programming Arduino UNO for working it as MODBUS Slave. The next step will be testing it as Modbus Slave.

Testing the Arduino UNO as Rs485 Modbus Slave

After the circuit connections are completed and the code is uploaded to the Arduino UNO, its time to connect the USB to RS-485 module with the PC where the Simple Modbus Master software is installed.

Open the device manager and check the COM port according to your PC where the USB to RS-485 Module is connected and after that open the Simply Modbus Master 8.1.1 software.

1. After Simply Modbus Software is opened now open the Write option.

2. After the Simply Modbus Master Write is opened. Set the parameters

Mode in RTU, COM port according to your PC (mine was COM6), Baud at 9600, Data Bits 8, Stop bit 1, Parity None and Slave ID as 1.

3. After that set first register as 40001 and values to write is 3 and the function code as 16 (Write Holding Register).

After that write 1 to 40001 (For LED1 on) and 1 to 40002 (For LED2 on) and 90 to 40003 (For Servo Motor Angle) and then click SEND button.

You can see both LED status is ON and servo angle at 90 degree.

4. After that enter 40001 as 1 and 40002 as 0 and 40003 as 180 and click SEND button.

Now Servo angle at 180 and the led1 is ON and led2 is OFF.

5. Now writing 135 to 40003 and 40001 as 0 and 40002 as 1.

Now the servo position is at 135 and led1 is OFF and led2 is ON.

This is how RS-485 Modbus can be used in serial communication with Arduino UNO as Slave. In next tutorial we will use the Arduino Uno as master in MODBUS commination.

Find the complete code and a Demonstration video below.